Эффективность вторичного освоения кормовых угодий в условиях Тосненской низины
DOI: 10.24411/0044-3913-2019-10302
УДК 631.61:631.153
А. И. Иванов1, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, член-корреспондент РАН, главный научный сотрудник (e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.)
Ж. А. Иванова1, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник
Е. Я. Рижия1, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник
М. В. Архипов2, доктор биологических наук, зам. директора
И. В. Соколов2, младший научный сотрудник
А. А. Вязовский3, директор
1Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт, Гражданский просп., 14, Санкт-Петербург, 195220, Российская Федерация
2Северо-Западный Центр междисциплинарных исследований проблем продовольственного обеспечения, ш. Подбельского, 7, Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург, 196608, Российская Федерация
3Государственная станция агрохимической службы «Псковская», ул. Юбилейная, 6, д. Родина, Псковский р-н, Псковская обл.,180559, Российская Федерация
2Northwest Center of Interdisciplinary Investigations of Problems of Food Support, sh. Podbel’skogo, 3, Pushkin, Sankt-Peterburg, 196608, Russian Federation
3State Station of Agrochemical Service “Pskovskaya”, ul. Yubileinaya, 6, d. Rodina, Pskovskii r-n, Pskovskaya obl.,180559, Russian Federation
Abstract. The current level of economic use of arable land in the North-West of Russia is 55%, and the degree of overgrowing by tree and shrubbery vegetation (TSV) varies from 42% to 58%. Secondary development of such lands became one of the tasks of the current Federal program of land reclamation aimed at an increase in the resource base of forage production. The goal of comprehensive research was the evaluation of current stocks of TSV and agronomic efficiency of separate technological aspects of TSV elimination and restoration of soil fertility of secondary reclaimed forage lands. It was based on a geobotanical survey of a number of overgrown TSV under typical agroecological conditions of lands and a model field stationary experiment in the system of the field crop rotation: annual grasses + perennial grasses, perennial grasses of the 1st-3d year, winter cereals, spring cereals. The soil was sodpodzolic, gleyic, heavy loamy, poorly cultivated. The experiment had a two-factor design: factor A was a product of technological processing of TSV (control, chips, chaff, biochar, and TSV ash); factor B was a system of soil fertility reproduction based on bird droppings, milled raw dolomite and potassium chloride. The reserve of TSV biomass on agricultural lands of the North-West of Russia depends on its botanical composition, age and agroecological conditions. At the age of 15–20 years its level varies from 56–145 t/ha in conifers to 75–255 t/ha in small-leaved trees. TSV, eliminated in the secondary development of agricultural land, in any form of technological processing has a negative impact on the nutritional regime of acidic sod-podzolic soil, causing a significant decrease in the productivity of annual grasses by 42–80%. To solve this problem, it is necessary to combine the use of milled raw dolomite and poultry manure together with potash fertilizer, which provides an increase in the productivity of annual and perennial grasses 2.2–2.8 and 1.2–1.4 times. Against this background, the option of technological processing of TSV into biochar, which contributed to the increase in the yield of the green mass of herbs by 14 and 31%, respectively, has a pronounced advantage from agroecological positions.
Keywords: agricultural land; tree and shrubbery vegetation; secondary development; efficiency; sod-podzolic soil; effective fertility; ameliorant.
Author Details: A. I. Ivanov, D. Sc. (Agr.), corresponding member of the RAS, chief research fellow (e-mail: ivanovai2009@yandex.ru); Zh. A. Ivanova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; E. Y. Rizhiya, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow; M. V. Arkhipov, D. Sc. (Biol.), deputy director; I. V. Sokolov, junior research fellow; A. A. Vyazovskiy, director.
For citation: Ivanov A. I., Ivanova Zh. A., Rizhiya E. Y., Arkhipov M. V., Sokolov I. V., Vyazovskiy A. A. Efficiency of the Secondary Development of Forage Lands under Conditions of Tosna Lowlands. Zemledelije. 2019. No. 3. Pp. 7–11. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0044-3913-2019-10302.