Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Nauchnyi gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russian Federation

Abstract. The reaction of oats to fertilizers, pesticides and tillage methods was studied in 2011–2019 in the Altai Krai in a field crop rotation. The design of the experiment included the following factors: methods of primary tillage (factor A), fertilizers (factor B), pesticides (factor C). Tillage methods included deep (25–27 cm) and shallow (14–16 cm) subsurface cultivation, and zero tillage. Factor B included the variant without fertilizers, P25, and N40P25. By factor C, we studied the following options: without pesticides; dicotycides; dicotycides + aftereffect of graminicides; herbicides + insecticides + fungicides. The soil was medium loamy leached chernozem; the humus content was 3.8%; the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov) was 200 and 180 mg/kg. Against the backgrounds of deep, shallow and zero tillage, the early spring moisture reserves in the meter soil layer increased, compared to the autumn ones, by 77, 51 and 36 mm (91, 65 and 42%), and by the appearance of oats seedlings it decreased by 87, 69 and 67 mm (42, 39 and 40%), compared with early spring reserves. Due to the cultivation, the supply of nitrate nitrogen in the soil increased by 38–40%; the content of phosphorus and potassium did not change much. When replacing the deep subsurface cultivation with the shallow one, the oats yield changed slightly from 1.69 t/ha to 1.64 t/ha, and with zero one it decreased to 1.36 t/ha. The application of P25 increased the yield of oat grain by 0.08–0.18 t/ha, of N40P25 – by 0.28–0.41 t/ha. The use of dicotycide increased grain productivity of crops by 0.18–0.19 t/ha, of dicotycide against the background of the aftereffect of graminicide – by 0.26–0.30 t/ha. The application of the pesticide complex increased the yield by 0.45–0.48 t/ha (24.2–30.3%). The combined use of fertilizers and pesticides did not change the effectiveness of phosphorus, but increased the return on nitrogen fertilizers, ensured an increase in crop productivity against the background of deep tillage on average by 0.82 t/ha (48.5%), of shallow tillage – by 0.81 t/ha (49.4%), of zero tillage – by 0.91 t/ha (66.9%), in relation to the options without means of intensification.

Keywords: oats (Avena sativa L.); primary tillage method; no-till technology; fertilizers; plant protection means; yield; recoupment of fertilizers.

Author details: S. V. Usenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow(e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.); V. I. Usenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; A. A. Garkusha, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; T. A. Litvintseva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A. A. Shcherbakovа, research fellow.

For citation: Usenko SV, Usenko SV, Garkusha AA, et al. [Responsiveness of oats to fertilizers depending on soil tillage and the level of plants protection in a field crop rotation in the forest-steppe of the Altai Ob Region]. Zemledelie. 2020;(1):44-8. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0044-3913-2020-10112.